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19th EMSS, 2007 |
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19th European Modeling and Simulation Symposium (Simulation in Industry) 4-6 October 2007 Bergeggi (Sv), Italy |
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Session CA-IV: Emergency Simulation & Crowd Behavior
CROWD MODEL VERIFICATION USING VIDEO DATA, Thomas L. Clarke, D. J. Kaup, Linda Malone, Rex Oleson, Mario Rosa A method for extracting estimates of crowd movement from videos of the crowd is reported. This method provides a means to validate the accuracy of models of crowds such as the Helbing-Molnar-Farkas-Vicsek (HMFV) model as well as to refine model parameters. The method averages optical flow extracted from the video and uses an empirical calibration constant to convert the optical flow to physical fluxes of crowd movement. Both theory and observation support a simple proportional relationship between physical flux of people across a boundary and average optical flux of video imagery within the boundary.
A TWO-STAGE APPROACH FOR THE EMERGENCY SERVICES COORDINATION PROBLEM IN A ROAD ACCIDENT, D. Guimarans, J.J. Ramos
The coordination of emergency services in road accidents is essential to ensure a quick intervention in critical situations. The number and kind of resources assigned must be determined dynamically, as not all the accident variables are known when an alert is received. Moreover, vehicles and intervention units have to be assigned after the accident takes place. Thus, the decision making process has to be done within the intervention time window and response time becomes critical. This paper describes the major characteristics of a cluster first-route second optimization algorithm suggested to tackle the emergency services coordination problem in order to reduce their response time in critical situations. This algorithm combines heuristic methods and Constraint Satisfaction Problem techniques in a two-stage procedure: a first phase where the real geographic data is rearranged to ensure the time constraints fulfillment and a second one, which consists on available resources' allocation and optimal routes assignment.
MODELLING EMERGENCIES WITH A PRIORITY STOCHASTIC SYSTEM, Annunziata Cascone, Luigi Rarità, Eliza Trapel
The aim of this work is to analyze the Italian emergency system, particularly the Italian radio communication system 118 for the region Campania, and to investigate the effects of the management of different users having different gravity codes for the required services. The real system under consideration can be modelled with a tandem queueing network. The first node describes the calls of users, and can be seen as an exponential queueing system. The second node describes the assistance means communication apparatus with the headquarter of 118 and, in the actual real system, works in such way that it can be modeled as a
SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MODEL RECOGNITION, R.Klimov, Y.Merkuryev
Currently, the meaning and the concept of supply chain risk are not strongly defined, thus supply chain researchers adduce various ways to manage such risks. The paper provides a consecutive survey of risk management approaches in supply chain management and in other activity spheres with the purpose to find a motivated definition of supply chain risk. Within this paper, different risk definitions, classifications and other connected risk management elements are reviewed. Then three different approaches to risk recognition within supply chain networks are suggested with the aim of defining the problem of risk recognition connected to supply network function - material flow management. Finally, an integrated conceptual model of supply chain risk is introduced, and further research related to simulation application is discussed.
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